Oil burner



R. MAROGG Jan. 10, 1939.

OIL BURNER Filed NOV. 23, 1935 2 Sheets-Shea?l 2 /Nz/E/v To@ 7?/5H4Rz7 y@A2M/XW ,47' TOR/var Patented Jan. 10, 1939 STATES ATENT OFFICE` 8Claims.

The principal object of my invention is an efficient and comparativelyinexpensive oil or other iiuid burner which avoids the disadvantages anddifculties which are inherent in the more conventional types of burnersand particularly those of the gun type, the pot type and the rotarytype. I shall for simplicity refer herein to the burner embodying myinvention as an oil burner with the understanding that the term is broadenough to cover other forms of uid fuel burner. The gun type burneroperates at high pressure, and it is not practicable to use the lowergrades of fuel as it clogs the passages. In practice a No. 2 oil iscommonly used in a burner of this character though a No. 1 oil isrecommended. The pot type burner smokes and builds up carbon which hasto be removed at frequent intervals, and in practice is usually cleanedevery week which thus adds to the expense of operation. While the rotarytype of burner can use the lower grades of oil, it smokes badly with theresult that the carbon formed` thereby has to be removed frequently sothat there is no saving in the use of the lower grades of oil.Furthermore, both the gun type and the rotary types of burner produce,in operation oil vapors and any failure of the gas to ignite is likelyto result in an explosion.

The oil burner embodying my invention does not produce oil vapors onstarting the burner and there is no possibility of an explosion.Furthermore the burner uses the lower grades of fuel, No. 4 and No. 5,for example, without smoking and without the formation of any carbonwhatever. The use of the lower grades of fuel'is advantageous for thereason that they contain more heat units per unit volume than do thehigher grades in addition to the fact that the lower grades are lessexpensive per unit volume.

Another object of my invention is the provision of an oil burner inwhich the oil is introduced to the burner in a novel and efficientmanner, and in which the air is also introduced to and combined with theoil in such a way as to make a thorough mixture and produce highlye'cient combustion.

A further object of my invention is a novel and eective control for theburner.

A still further object of my invention is an oil burner which brings theame into the most'l advantageous position for heating a steam boiler ofthe usual household type.

Other objects of my invention will appear in the specification and thenovel features thereof will be pointed out in the claims.

My invention will best be understood by reference to the accompanyingdrawings in which I have illustrated the preferred form of my inventionand in Whch- Fig. l is a somewhat diagrammatic front View partially insection illustrating the oil burner 5 embodying my invention includingthe controls therefor;

Fig. 2 is a plan view of the burner proper;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged sectional view taken along the line 3--3 of Fig. 2looking in the direction of 10 the arrows;

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary radial section through the burner plate;

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary plan view illustrating the appearance of theame;

Fig. 6 is a sectional View through a modified form of burner plate andassociated parts, and

Fig. '7 is a plan view of the deflector dome with the air chamberthereon omitted.

Like reference characters indicate like parts 20 throughout thedrawings.

Referring to the drawings, lll is an oil reservoir which may receive itsoil supply through a pipe Il connected to a suitable storage tank in theusual manner (not illustrated) and to which 25 i an oil feed l2 providedwith the usual main valve I3 is connected. The oil level in thereservoir is maintained at constant level preferably by a oat (notillustrated) in the drawings and which actuates a valve tocontrol thesupply of cil to the 30 reservoir I0 to maintain a constant andpredetermined oil level in a usual manner and the `air supply pipe 2l tothe burner B. A substantially annular burner plate indicated generallyat 22 is provided with a sleeve or collar 23 to 45 which the air supplypipe 2l is connected and which may conveniently serve as a support forthe burner plate. The burner plate is preferably provided with adownwardly and outwardly inclined portion 22H and an upwardly and out-50 wardly inclined portion 222 which forms with the portion 22l agroove. or trough 24. I have found ,that the best results are obtainedby inclining the outer portionA 222 of the burner plate between 25 and28 to the horizontal, and While it 55 fao fplate. 'the burner plate areomitted so that the oil is prevented from flowing into the portion ofthe groove'24 which is between the partitions.

may be inclined at an angle less than 25 I find that in practice theburner smokes if inclined at an angle more than 28. The float is soadjusted as to maintain the level of the oil in the bowl I'I slightlybelow the lower edge of the openings I3 and preferably about gli of aninch below the same. An air pipe 25 is connected to the main air supplypipe 2| as best indicated in Fig. 1 with the inner end thereof facingthe oncoming air so as to produce a pressure in said pipe. The other endof the pipe is connected to the upper side of the bowl I'I above the oiltherein and, as the top of the bowl I1 is closed, as at III, 'the airfrom the pipe 25 is delivered against the oil in the bowl undersuiicient pressure toagitate the oil, and throw it up over the openingsI8 and the air under pressure in the bowl forces oil out through thepipes in the form of :particles or bubbles in a divided condition ratherthan in a solid column, with the result that the oil is delivered uponthe burner plate on the inclined portion 22| `thereof and preferablyadjacent to the groove 24 in a nely divided condition and vthoroughlycommingled with air.

Above the bowl I'I is a dome 26 in the form of an inverted dish shapedand preferably rounded plate which may conveniently be formed of sheetmetal and againstwhich the main air supply 'from the pipe 2| is directedand which thus flows downwardly and outwardly over the groove 24 therebydrawing along with it oil which has 4flowed from the ends of the pipesI9 into the groove and thereby becoming'thoroughly mixed with the oilwhich has been vaporized or partially vaporized by the burner platewhich is preferably heated by means independent of the plate as will bemore fully hereinafter described. In the embodiment of my inventionillustrated in Figs. 1 to 3, the inclined portion 222 of the burnerplate is provided with a plurality of rows of outwardly extending pins2'I suitably secured thereto, the pins of a given row preferably beingstaggered with respect to those of an adjacent row. The burner plate mayconveniently be 'heated independently of the oil burner by any lsuitablemeans which I have here illustrated as gas burners 28 which areconnected to a gas pipe 29 which is located beneath and preferably ex-'tends around the major portion of the burner plate. laround the portionof the burner plate which 'faces the doorfof the furnace, and twovertical Preferably also the pins 21 are omitted partitions 29| extendupwardly from the burner The oil pipes I9 around this portion of Theliquid fuel may conveniently be ignited by a pilot gas burner 30 whichmay be connected to the gas pipe 29 and extends upwardly and outwardlyas indicated in Figs. 1 and 2 to the vicinkity of the groove 24.

' The operation of the burner is as follows. 'Ihe bowl I1 until the oillevel therein is slightly below lthe lower edge of the openings thereofand the fan 2|! forces air to the burner. The air from "the pipe 25agitates the 011 in the 'bowl l1 sufficiently to force the oil up overthe openings I8 and the air under pressure in the upper por- 'tion ofthe bowl forces particles or bubbles of "oil through the pipes I9 to theupper side of the burner plate in a nely divided and aerated conditionand which then ows to the'groove 24 in -outer portion of the burnerplate.

and between the pins with a blue flame and nally beyond the pins with anintense white flame thereby creating an intense heat in the region ofthe boiler or other device which is to be heated.

Means are also provided for stopping the operation of the oil burner incase the oil accumulates in the groove 24 of the burner. In theembodiment of my invention illustrated a pipe 65 is connected to thelower portion of the groove 24 in the burner plate and to a floatoperated device 'indicated generally at D. When the oil on the burnerplate fails to ignite, oil fiows to a float operated device not fullyillustrated and stops the flow of oil to the burner.

In Fig. 1 I have illustrated the burner arranged to heat a boiler thewalls of which are indicated at 38| and from which it will be apparentthat the flame is applied to the lower portion of the boiler walls whereit is most effective in heating the boiler.

In Figs. 10 and 1l I have illustrated a'modilied form of burner in whichthe burner plate 22a is provided with a ring 99 that is preferablywelded to the plate 22a, thereby forming a shoulder which prevents theair currents which ow outwardly over the shoulder from coming intoenfVoil thereon may be ignited even with a cold plate.

An oil cup is provided with a plurality of circumferentially arrangedopenings as in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 to which are connected pipes extendingoutwardly slightly beyond said ring 99 thereby causing the oil to feedoutside the ring 99 into the In this embodiment of my invention, thedome 26| is conical in form and may conveniently be supported at itsedge on the pipes ISI. The dome is surinounted by an inverted cup shapedmember 89 substantially sealed against the dome 26| and forming apressure chamber 90. The major portion of the air is supplied to theburner through a pipe 2| as it is inthe embodiment illustrated inFig. 1. The portion of the dome 26| within the member 89 is providedwith one or morey openings 9| here shown as three, through which ply isforced into the chamber 9B' and from which it is forced downwardlythrough a pipe 25| passing through and supported by the dome 26| intothe top of the oil bowl or cup where it agitates the oil in the samemanner as in the embodiment of my invention illustrated in Fig. 1 andcauses the oil to be forced upwardly over the openings and out throughthe pipes with air in the same Vmanner as in the case of Fig. 1, the oillevel in the cup I'II being maintained slightly below the lower edge ofthe openings therein. In the modiiication illustrated in Figs. 10 and 11I Yfind that in practice the oil burns in suspension and thev plateremains comparatively cool.

In the burner embodying my invention, there "are 'no small openings inthe burner proper through which the oil passes which have been found inpractice in many other forms of burners 2,143,488 `to become-clogged. Atthe same time the oil is so thoroughly commingled with the air that itburns without smoke and I have found that in practice no smoke andresulting carbon is produced and the burner remains perfectly cleanafter extended operation. At the same time the burner is capable ofburning the lower grades of fuel oil to advantage thereby securing thebenet of the higher heat capacity inherent in fuels of this characterand which are less expensive than the higher grades of fuel.

Furthermore, it is apparent from Fig. 1 that the flame of the burner isapplied to the lower portion of the boiler and entirely around the sameor nearly so which is obviously an advantage as compared with a burnerwhich applies the heat to the middle portion of the boiler or whichapplies it only partially around the same as is the case with certainother known burners.

By the use of the heater, which I have here illustrated a gas heater,independent of the oil burner for maintaining the burner plate hot whenthe burner is not operating, the plate burner is much more readilystarted than would otherwise be the case.

While I have described my invention in its preferred embodiment, it isto be understood that the words which I have used are words ofdescription rather than of limitation. Hence, changes within the purviewof the appended claims may be made without departing from the true scopeand spirit of my invention in its broader aspects.

What I claim is:

1. In a liquid fuel burner, a burner plate, a bowl located above saidburner plate, means for introducing liquid fuel to said bowl, aplurality of pipes arranged circumferentially of said bowl andcommunicating therewith above the liquid fuel therein, means formaintaining the liquid fuel in said bowl slightly below the lower edgeof the orifices of said pipes in said bowl, an inverted dish shapedmember located above said bowl, means for introducing the main airsupply upwardly against said inverted dish shaped member whereby themain air supply flows upwardly and outwardly, and means for introducinga portion of said air supply to said bowl above the liquid fuel thereinwhereby the liquid fuel in said bowl is agitated sufciently to force theliquid fuel upwardly over said pipes and outwardly therethrough to saidburner plate.

2. In a liquid fuel burner, a burner plate, a liquid fuel bowl locatedabove said burner plate, means for introducing liquid fuel to said bowl,means communicating with the space in said bowl above the level of theliquid fuel therein for conducting liquid fuel outwardly over saidburner plate, means for maintaining the liquid level in said bowlslightly below the orifice of said means, an inverted dish shaped memberlocated above said bowl and provided with an opening therein, aninverted cup shaped member located above said inverted dish shapedmember and forming a substantially fluid tight seal therewith aroundsaid opening, means providing communication between said inverted cupshaped member and said bowl above the liquid level therein, and meansfor directing air upwardly against said inerted dish shaped memberwhereby a portion of said air is forced outwardly and mixed with liquidfuel on said burner plate and a portion of said air is forced upwardlyinto said cup shaped member and thence downwardly into said bowl abovethe liquid fuel therein.

3. In a liquid fuel burner, a substantially annular burner plate, aliquid fuel bowl located above said burner plate, a plurality ofcircumferentially spaced pipes communicating with the interior of saidbowl above the liquid fuel therein and extending laterally therefromover said burner plate, means for delivering air against the uppersurface of the liquid fuel in said bowl and under sufficient pressure toagitate the liquid fuel therein and forcing the same mixed with air fromsaid bowl, and means for directing other air outwardly over the liquidfuel on said plate.

4. In a liquid fuel burner, a burner plate, a bowl for liquid fuellocated above said plate,

means for introducing liquid 'fuel to said bowl, a

plurality of pipes communicating with said bowl and arrangedcircumferentially thereof and extending outwardly over said burnerplate, means for maintaining the liquid level in said bowl slightlybelow the lower edge of said pipes, means for directing air supplyupwardly through said burner plate, means for directing a portion ofsaid air supply outwardly over said burner plate, and means fordirecting a further portion of said air supply into said bowl above theliquid level therein and under pressure sufficient to agitate the liquidfuel in said bowl and force the same through the orifices of said pipesand outwardly over said plate.

5. In a liquid fuel burner, a substantially annular burner plate, aliquid fuel bowl disposed above said burner plate, said bowl being openat the top, means for supplying liquid fuel to said bowl, means formaintaining the liquid level therein substantially constant, a pluralityof liquid fuel distributing pipes communicating with the interior ofsaid bowl above the normal liquid level therein and extending outwardlyover said plate, an inverted dish shaped dome disposed above said bowl,means for directing air upwardly against the lower side of said domeunder sufcient pressure to cause air to be deiiected downwardly intosaid bowl and agitate the liquid therein sufficiently to force the sameoutwardly through said distributing pipes onto said burner plate.

6. In a liquid fuel burner, a substantially annular burner plate, aliquid fuel bowl disposed above said burner plate, said bowl being openat the top, means for supplying liquid fuel to said bowl, means formaintaining the liquid level therein substantially constant, a pluralityof liquid fuel distributing pipes communicating with the interior ofsaid bowl above the normal liquid level therein and extending outwardlyover said plate, an inverted dish shaped dome disposed above said bowl,means for directing air upwardly against the lower side of said domeunder sufficient pressure to cause air to be deflected downwardly intosaid bowl and agitate the liquid therein sufficiently to force the sameoutwardly through said distributing pipes onto said burner plate, andmeans f or directing another portion of the air deflected from said domeoutwardly over said burner plate.

7. In a liquid fuel burner, a substantially annular burner plateprovided with a substantially annular upwardly extending shoulder, aliquid fuel bowl disposed above said burner plate, said bowl being openat its top, means for supplying liquid fuel to said bowl, means formaintaining the liquid fuel in said bowl at a substantially constantlevel, a plurality of liquid fuel distributing pipes communicating withthe interior of said bowl above the liquid level therein and extendingvnular burner plate provided with an upwardly extending shouldersubstantially annular in form, means dening a substantially annulargroove ,outside of said shoulder, a liquid fuel bowl located above saidburner` plate, a plurality of circumferentially spaced pipescommunicating with the interior of said bowl .above the liquid fuelthere- `in and extending laterally therefrom over said shoulder, andmeans for supplying air under pressure and flowing outwardly over saidshoulder Yin the same general direction as the liquid fuel.

RICHARD MAROGG.

